Saturday, September 17, 2016

peoples faith - Monarch in Nepal

/fhtGqk|ltsf] g]kfnLsf] ljZjf;
ldng zdf{
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b]zn] cj ljsf;sf] jf6f] cjnDjg unf{ / xfd|f] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfpFnf eGb} g]kfnL hgtf nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfgsf] nflu ljut ;f9] 5 bzsb]lv cfGbf]lnt lyP . oltj]nf;Dd u0ftlGqs b]zsf] gofF ;+ljwfgn] w]/} s'/f lbO;Sg'sf] ;f6f] bnx?df cfk;L ltQmtf / hgtfk|lt lg/fzf afx]s s]xL lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] dxf;Gwfg ;lsPnuQ} b]z cfly{s ljsf;sf] km8\sf]df hfg'kg]{ lyof] . /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx? ;Qfs} efuj08fdf nflu/xg'n] klg b]z / hgtfsf] rf;f] cf]em]ndf k/]sf] b]lvg' b'ef{Uo lzjfo s] x'g ;Snf Û klxnf b]z clg d eGg]  ;f]rdf kl/jt{g gcfpg' g} k|d'v sf/0f xf] . bf];|f] k6s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjtfsf g]kfnL hgtfk|lt u/]sf k|ltj4tfnfO{ ljl;{P/ plx k'/fg} z}nLjf6 cuf8L j9\g vf]Hg' slt cb'/blz{tf xf] xfd|f g]tfx?sf] . s] g]kfnL hgtf j'emb}gg\ / < cj ;r]t eO;s]sf g]kfnL hgtfsf] cuf8L cfkm}n] tf]s]sf] ;do ;Ldf @)&$ df3 & leq ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"0f{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg xf]ldg'kg]{ cj:yfdf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?sf] of] ;QflnK;fn] b]znfO{ cem hh{/ cj:yflt/ n}hfg]tkm{ ;+s]t u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
b]z / hgtfsf nflu cem} klg ;+j]bgzLn x'g g;Sg' g]tfx?sf] csd{0otf jfx]s s]lx xf]Og . bnx?n] ;dodf g} ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ ;s]sf] eP klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 g} b]zn] gofF lgsf; kfpg] kSsf lyof] . t/ b]z Psflt/ / bn csf{lt/, cem egf}+ /fli6«o eGbf bnLo / bnLo eGbf klg JolQms]lGb|t /fhgLlts ;+sL0f{tfsf sf/0f b]z 7"nf] b'3{6gfdf k¥of] / ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g eof] . ljb]zLx?sf] rf;f] j9\g' / l5d]sL/fi6«sf] k|i6?kdf b]lvPsf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ bf]if nufP/ kfgLdflysf] cf]efgf] b]lvg] bnx?sf] o; s'6Ln rfnn] /fi6«3ftLx?n] ;k{n] 6fpsf] p7fP em} v'n]cfd cfk\mgf] zfv JoQm ub}{ lxF8\g'n] klg b]zsf] eljio stflt/ hfFb}5 eGg] cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 .
lxhf] g]kfnLx?n] aufPsf] /utsf] cjd"Nog ub}{ ;Qfl;gx? /fhg}lts lvrftfgLdf nflu/x'gn] klg /fhgLlts ofqf hgkIfLo wf/df 5}g eGg] :ki6 b]lvG5 . …efO km'6] ujf/ n'6]Ú eGg] pvfgnfO{ rl/tfy{ ub}{ 5g\ g]tfx? . hgtfn] bnLo sfo{b]lv lj/Qm eP/ k'/fg} ;/sf/sf] k|z+;fdf h'6\g yfn]sf] klg g]kfnL /fhgLlts bL3f{df b]lvG5 . o;/L x/]s ;dosf] sfnv08df Pp6} z}nLjf6 cuf8L j9\g vf]Hg' / b]znfO{ n'6\g] sfd jfx]s s]xL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . b]z e|i6frf/sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df nfu]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . dxFuL / a]lytLn] h/f km}nfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ ljZjsf] cfFvfdf k|ultlzn pGgt /fi6«sf ?kdf :yflkt ug'{ kg]{df pN6f] b]znfO{ ;f]dflnof jgfpFg] /0fgLltdf nfUg' b'ef{Uok"0f{ xf] .
hh{/ cj:yfdf k'¥ofOPsf] /fhgLlts dfu{r]tgfn] b]z / g]kfnL hgtf cem} lbg k|ltlbg ul/j jGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . b]z ljb]lzPsf o'jfsf] /]ld6\G;n] rln/x]sf] 5 . nufgL stf{nfO{ pko'Qm jftfj/0f 5}g . b}lgs xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf o'jfx? ljb]lzg jfWo 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf ltg} o'jfnfO{ b]zdf /f]s]/ /f]huf/Lsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ul/ ef]lnsf] b]z rnfpg] lhDd]jf/L lbg'kg]{df pN6f] cem} ;xh jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/]/ ljb]z nv]l6/xg] b]zsf] u0ftflGqs gLltnfO{ s] eGg] Û g]kfndf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf]nf / cfˆg} b]zdf nufgL u/]/ :jb]zdf a:grfxg] ljb]zL o'jfsf] ;kgf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f e};s]skl5 klg k"/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g a? ljb]zdf g} dg{ jfWo kfl/g' slt b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] .
)&$ df3 & ut] cfpFg cj w]/} lbg jfFsL 5}g . g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfzfdf t'/f;fkft 5b}{ g]tfx?n] ljleGg jfxgfdf cfGbf]ng yfNg' slt nfhdbf]{ xf] . cfk"m sfd ug{ g;Sg] clg x/]s k6s g]kfnL hgtfsf gfpFdf cfGbf]ng yf]k/]/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ j]s'k jgfpFg] 3[i6tf cj gu/] klg x'G5 . lsgls g]kfnL hgtfn] cj /fd|/L j'lem;s]sf 5g\ ls of] b]zsf zq' sf] x'g\ eg]/ . b]zsf nflu s]lx ug{ g;Sg] o:tf bn / To;sf g]t[Tjsf] g]tfx?sf] eljio cj s:tf] xf]nf <
g]kfn cfdf / xfdL ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?sf] b'efUo{ g} xf] eGg' k5{  cfh ;Dd b]zsf] dfof ug]{ ;k'tn] hGd g} lng ;s]g 5 . ;j} jx'?kLx? dfq /x]5g\ . h;nfO{ cfˆgf] jfx]s csf{sf] s'g} lrGtf 5}g . lxhf] h] hlt b]zsf gfpFdf cfGbf]ng eP xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf lgbf]{if hgtfsf 5f]/f 5f/L dfl/P of] ;j} ;Qf k|flKtsf] v]ndfq /x]5 eGg] s'/f cj g]kfnL hgtfn] j'lem;s]sf 5g\ . h;sf] lj?4df g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ prfn]/ cfGbf]ng u/]sf g]tfx? cfh cfˆgf] :jfy{ k'/f ePkl5 k'gM k'/fg} cj:yfdf k"g/fj[lQ x'g vf]Hg'n] g} k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL hgtf /f0ffx?sf] lj?4df logLx?;+u nfu]/ n8], k~rfotL lj?4 n8] kl5 zfxL zf;g lj?4 eGb} n8fOP . v} t, s] kfP t g]kfnL hgtfn] < g]tfx?sf cfkmGt dfl/Psf 5}gg\ To; 36gfdf gls pgLx? g} ;lxb eP dfq g]kfnL hgtfsf 5f]/f 5f]/Lx? dfq . To;}n] klg g]kfnL ;f]emf hgtfnfO{ x/]s k6s cfˆgf] :jfy{sf] jlnsf] af]sf agfpFg] g]tfx?n] s'g} lbg klg b]z / hgtfsf ljifodf ;f]r]gg\ . cfh klg cfˆg} :jfy{df nflu/x]sf 5g\ . bnLo :jfy{ eGbf dfly p7]/ b]z / hgtfsf nflu sfd ug]{ s'g} ufGwL g]tf hGd]s} 5}gg\ of] b]zdf . xhf/f} ;lxbsf] cfF;'n] glk/f]Ng], g;Demg] oL g} g]tfx?sf sf/0f g]kfnL hgtfn] ca /fh;+:yf Jo"Tofpg kg]{ xf] ls eGg] ;f]Rg jfWo eO/x]sf 5g\ . u0ftGqfTds zf;g k4ltdf cuf8L j9]sf] b]znfO{ km]l/ c;kmn g]tfx?sf] sfo{z}nLn] /fhtGqk|ltsf] g]kfnLsf] ljZjf; hufpFb} nu]sf] 5 . logLx?sf] sfo{ut z}nLsf sf/0f g]kfnL hgtf cflht eO;s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ;dosf] sf]N6]km]/fO{;Fu} g]kfnL hgtfn] klg cj cfkm} lg0f{o ug]{ ;do cfO;s]sf] 5 . h'g j]nf  /fhg}lts g]tfx?sf] cl:tTjk|lt g} k|Zg p7\g] 5 . o; ljifodf ;dodf g} ;r]t x'g cfjZos 5 .  
g]kfndf @)!& ;fndf k~rfot cfPem} km]l/ /fhtGq gcfpFnf eGg ;lsGg . To;}n] oltj]nf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?sf] klg cfˆg} kl/Iffsf] 38L xf] eg] ljZjljsl;t ePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] b]vfPsf] jf6f]sf sf/0f b]zdf jflx/L zlQmsf] k|efjnfO{ y]Ug' kg]{ l:ylt klg b]lvG5 . cj g]kfnL hgtf oltdfq rfxG5g ls cfˆgf] b]z g]kfn ljZjdfglrqdf cfˆg} :jcl:tTjdf jflr/xf];\ / g]kfnL x'F eGg] uj{ ug{ kfO/x'F . t;y{ o;sf] ;lx pkfo dfq Pp6} 5 ls ;+ljwfg hf/L ul/;s]kl5 o;sf] ;do;fk]If sfof{Gjog u/L b]znfO{ cuf8L j9fpFg' . o;sf nflu bnsf g]tfx? ;r]t gful/s ju{ j'l4hlj;s{n cflb ;j}sf] cf–cfˆgf] tkm{jf6 uxg lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ kb{5 . b]znfO{ b'3{6gf lt/ x}g pGgtLlt/ n}hfg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{ klg ;j}sf] bfloTj xf] . To;}n] /fhgLlts g]tfx?nfO{ ;r]t u/fpFb} lgld{t ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog u/L g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ Gofo  lbg' jfx]s clxn] c? s'g} ;f]r kfNg' unt x'g]5 . blno :jfy{ / JolQmut :jfy{eGbf dfly p7]/ b]z / hgtfsf nflu ;f]Rg' kb{5 . b]z / hgtf /x] kf] g]tf /xG5g\ . To;}n] cfˆgf] cl:tTj hf]ufpg klg ;+j]bgzLn x'g' h?/L 5 . olb g]kfnL hgtf lg/z eP eg] of] eGbf b'Mvsf] If0f s'g} x'g] 5}g .
t;y{ cj /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?sf] cuf8L g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ u0ftGqsf] ;xL d"NofÍg;lxt hgtfnfO{ ljsf;sf] dfu{ k|z:t ug'{ jfx]s c? s'g} ljsNk 5}g . o; ljifdf cToGt} ulDe/ x'g' h?/L 5 . g]tfsf] c;kmntf eg]s} g]kfnL hgtfsf] c;kmntf xf] . h;sf sf/0f b]zn] 7"nf] b'u{ltsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . clxn];Ddsf] pknlJw cy{xLg x'g]5 . To;}n] lj/f]wLx?n] 6fpFsf] p7fpFg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{ x'b}g . h;sf sf/0f b]zsf] cl:tTjk|lt g} ;+s6 kg]{5 . To;}n] g]tfx?n] j]n}df ;r]tsf ;fy sfd ug'{kb{5 . of] s'/f lxdfnn] ;f]Rg' k5{, kxf8n] a'e\mg' k5{ / dw]zn] klg dgg ug'{ h?/L 5 .


Tuesday, September 13, 2016

Nepal then and now


Nepal then and now


Everyone knows Nepal is  a land lock Country .She got her own history from  18th century to modern times . Situated between two giant countries India and China which are going to be super power in due course of time Nepal is far behind from modern facilities this is due to poor rulers of country.

There was Rana Regime (ditctator family rule ) for more than a century , all the power was vested on Ranas , no education and human rights to general public . The become richer and richer day by day wher as Nepalese people were treated as slaves . The words spoken by Rana’s was law and everyone must follow them strictly if anyone denied either they were exile or hanged to death.

After restoration of democracy in 1991 multi party system come to exercise in Nepal . There was frequent change of government each year. There was ten governments change in a decade. Government cant allocate resources in right time and place because politicians are after the government power. During this time neither democrats nor communist had given good governance to public. Frustration on general people is high due to political disability.

 In 1995 Start of Maoist revolt which drags on for more than a decade and kills thousands. The rebels want the monarchy to be abolished. Thousands of innocent people were after them as they give cheap slogan for frustrated people , many were killed during insurgency .The development of Nepal was also not possible at this period as there was threat of life and liberty among people . It is said that civil war led by Maoist was in interest of some neighbour country and developed countries as the top leaders of Nepal Communist party (Maoist ) resides in India and make decision of civil war. So it can be said that thousands of people killed, billions dollars  loss of in fractures was in interest of India

2001 1 June - Crown Prince Dipendra kills King Birendra, Queen Aishwarya and several members of the royal family, before shooting himself. The king's brother, Gyanendra is crowned king and general public believed its not true. Stills different rumours come regarding the Palace massacre.

From 2001 to till date there are many ups and down in the country which i am going to highlight below .

 Under the country's former monarchy the constitution was written by commissions approved by the king - but Maoist rebels fought an insurgency to overthrow the monarchy and install a new democratic republic. A fresh constitution would be another step in Nepal's democratisation, which began in 2006 with the signing of a historic peace agreement between the Maoists and the government. But since then hopes of progress have stalled as political parties failed to agree over such key issues as the names and number of proposed states, forms of governance and electoral and judicial systems. Repeated deadlines for a new constitution have been missed and several governments have come and gone. The first elections after the 2006 peace agreement catapulted the Maoist former rebels, now known as the Maoist Centre - to power. They became the largest party ahead of the Nepali Congress and the united Communist Party of Nepal(CPNUM) - which were relegated to the second and third largest elected political forces respectively.

The Madhesi Janadhikar Forum (MJF) also emerged as a remarkable force from the Madhesi plains of southern Nepal bordering India. But petty politics meant this first Constituent Assembly (CA), elected in May 2008, failed in its mission to give Nepal its badly-needed constitution by May 2012. The Maoists then lost power in the second CA elections held in November 2013, emerging as the third largest force after the Nepali Congress and the CPN-UML. Nepal's established parties were back on top and their leaders set a new deadline for the constitution: 22 January 2015. But the work is far from done. Sticking points The new political order post-2013 sent the former rebel Maoist party and the newly-emerged Madhesi parties to the opposition benches. Nepali Congress leader Sushil Koirala, who leads a coalition alongside the CPN-UML, took on the responsibility of promulgating the new constitution, where the Maoists had failed. Yet the same issues which stymied earlier attempts remain.

These are:

The names, numbers and borders of proposed federal states. The biggest sticking point is whether or not to federate the country along ethnic lines or names. The Nepali Congress and CPN-UML, who are pitching for multi-ethnic federal states, fear that federating the nation along ethnic lines could lead to conflict or even to it disintegrating. Forms of governance, such as whether to give executive powers to the president or the prime minister. The type of electoral system the nation should adopt - direct (first-past-the-post), proportional or a mix of both. The type of judicial system the nation should adopt - whether to make it federal; the formation of a constitutional court. Threat of unrest The opposition players, known for their hard-line postures on federalism, forms of governance and the electoral system, are not giving in easily. Nepalese constituent assembly members scuffle with security officers at parliament in Kathmandu early on January 20, 2015. Opposition members scuffled with security officers in parliament on Monday night Maoist leader Prachanda has demanded that their views be taken into consideration. An alliance of 30 parties including the Madhesi that he leads has already started street protests and strikes. "Even if the consensus is not made, the sky won't fall," Dinanath Sharma, a Maoist leader, told the BBC. "If the ruling alliance opts for the so-called voting procedure to end disputes related to the constitution, it will push the nation towards confrontation, which will not be good."

Meanwhile, the bid to restore Nepal to its Hindu state status - by undoing the declaration made after a republic was declared in 2008 - appears to be getting stronger, with the pro-Hindu monarchy party, the Rastriya Prajatantra Party - Nepal (RPP-Nepal), maintaining its campaign. In the face of frantic political negotiations, one thing is for sure: unless the parties reach a consensus, the proposed Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal will remain a mirage for Nepal's 30-million populations.

Recently again the collation government has changed on the leadership of Maoist Central president Pushpa Kamal Dahal with old democratic party Nepali Congress , still people hope lots from government  but  tug of war for power among parties to run the government  make people very hopeless and now they start saying it is better to be governed by a single lion rather than 100 cats which means centralised power monarch is best for country rather than fight among leaders  to fulfil their own selfish desires rather than peoples demand .














Colonel Kumar lama released


Lama Released, No Further Action in British Courts

Colonel in the Nepalese army, Kumar Lama cleared of torturing a suspected Maoist sympathiser after two trials which cost more than £1 million. The prosecution today announced there would not be a third trial.

Lama denied one charge of torture and the Crown Prosecution Service today offered no evidence against him.

Kumar Lama, 49, was charged under rarely used legislation allowing the prosecution of alleged foreign war criminals.

The Judge, Mr Justice Sweeney assured Lama he would face no further action in the British courts.

Lama was not required to sit in the dock as the judge announced his decision in Court No 6.

He had been told of the decision in advance and showed no trace of emotion as he was told by his translator that his ordeal was over.

Lama walked free to be congratulated by his barrister as he left the court for the last time.

He was accused of mistreating prisoner Janak Raut during his country's civil war, which raged between 1996 and 2006.

The Old Bailey heard he presided over beating his alleged victim while in charge of the Gorusinghe barracks in Kapilvastu.

Lama first stood trial in February 2015 but the jury was discharged following a fiasco with under-qualified Nepalese translators.

About a dozen Nepalese witnesses had been flown to the country and put up in hotels, but were unable to give evidence when it emerged the interpreters were not properly qualified.

It was claimed one of Lama's more unusual torture methods was to allow a soldier's pet parrot to peck at the victims until they bled.

But the charge was dropped when an interpreter failed to accurately translate witnesses' evidence about the incident.

It is thought the first trial cost at least £500,000.

Lama's second trial started in June this year, and all the witnesses had to be flown from Nepal again.

Last month a second jury was discharged after failing to agree on a verdict on the remaining torture charge.

The judge, Mr Justice Sweeney, told the jury: 'It is relatively rare for so many witnesses to require interpreters and indeed for so many problems to arise in one case.'

Prosecutor Duncan Penny, QC, said: 'The Crown has carefully and thoroughly considered the evidence on the remaining count and there was no longer a realistic prospect of conviction.'

Lama, who has served in the Nepalese Army since 1984, was not arrested until 2013 when he settled in the UK in St Leonard-on-Sea, east Sussex, with his family.

The case was brought under the Criminal Justice Act 1988 - allowing prosecution of foreign war criminals in the UK under so-called 'universal jurisdiction'.

The UK is one of 159 signatories to the UN convention against torture and perpetrators must be tried in the country in which they are arrested.

Nepal Profile timeline - Records of major events in Nepal


A chronology of key events:

world's highest mountain - Mount Everest, known in Nepal as "Sagarmatha"

1768 - Gurkha ruler Prithvi Narayan Shah conquers Kathmandu and lays foundations for unified kingdom.

1792 - Nepalese expansion halted by defeat at hands of Chinese in Tibet.

1814-16 - Anglo-Nepalese War; culminates in treaty which establishes Nepal's current boundaries.

1846 - Nepal falls under sway of hereditary chief ministers known as Ranas, who dominate the monarchy and cut off country from outside world.

1923 - Treaty with Britain affirms Nepal's sovereignty.

Absolute monarchy

1950 - Anti-Rana forces based in India form alliance with monarch.

1951 - End of Rana rule. Sovereignty of crown restored and anti-Rana rebels in Nepalese Congress Party form government.

1953 New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Nepal's Sherpa Tenzing Norgay become the first climbers to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

1955 - Nepal joins the United Nations.

to the top of Everest: Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary

1955 - King Tribhuwan dies, King Mahendra ascends throne.

1959 - Multi-party constitution adopted.

1960 - King Mahendra seizes control and suspends parliament, constitution and party politics after Nepali Congress Party (NCP) wins elections with B. P. Koirala as premier.

1962 - New constitution provides for non-party system of councils known as "panchayat" under which king exercises sole power. First elections to Rastrya Panchayat held in 1963.

1972 - King Mahendra dies, succeeded by Birendra.

Multi-party politics

1980 - Constitutional referendum follows agitation for reform. Small majority favours keeping existing panchayat system. King agrees to allow direct elections to national assembly - but on a non-party basis.

Nepalese woman spins a prayer wheel, in a country where religion plays a major role

1985 - NCP begins civil disobedience campaign for restoration of multi-party system.

1986 - New elections boycotted by NCP.

1989 - Trade and transit dispute with India leads to border blockade by Delhi resulting in worsening economic situation.

1990 - Pro-democracy agitation co-ordinated by NCP and leftist groups. Street protests suppressed by security forces resulting in deaths and mass arrests. King Birendra eventually bows to pressure and agrees to new democratic constitution.

1991 - Nepali Congress Party wins first democratic elections. Girija Prasad Koirala becomes prime minister.

Political instability

1994 - Koirala's government defeated in no-confidence motion. New elections lead to formation of Communist government.

1995 - Communist government dissolved.

Maoists waged a bloody war against the monarchy

1995 - Start of Maoist revolt which drags on for more than a decade and kills thousands. The rebels want the monarchy to be abolished.

1997 - Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba loses no-confidence vote, ushering in period of increased political instability, with frequent changes of prime minister.

2000 - GP Koirala returns as prime minister, heading the ninth government in 10 years.

Palace massacre

2001 1 June - Crown Prince Dipendra kills King Birendra, Queen Aishwarya and several members of the royal family, before shooting himself. The king's brother, Gyanendra is crowned king. Nepalese mourn the royal family slain in a shooting spree

2001 July - Maoist rebels step up campaign of violence. Prime Minister GP Koirala quits over the violence; succeeded by Sher Bahadur Deuba.

2001 November - Maoists end four-month old truce with government, declare peace talks with government failed. Launch coordinated attacks on army and police posts.

Emergency

2001 November - State of emergency declared after more than 100 people are killed in four days of violence. King Gyanendra orders army to crush the Maoist rebels. Many hundreds are killed in rebel and government operations in the following months.

2002 May - Parliament dissolved, fresh elections called amid political confrontation over extending the state of emergency. Sher Bahadur Deuba heads interim government, renews emergency.

2002 October - King Gyanendra dismisses Deuba and indefinitely puts off elections set for November.

2003 January - Rebels, government declare ceasefire.

End of truce

2003 August - Rebels pull out of peace talks with government and end seven-month truce. The following months see resurgence of violence and frequent clashes between students/activists and police.

2004 April - Nepal joins the World Trade Organisation (WTO).

2004 May - Street protests by opposition groups demanding a return to democracy. Royalist Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa quits.

Absolute monarchy restored

2005 February - King Gyanendra dismisses the government, restores an absolute monarchy and declares a state of emergency, citing the need to defeat Maoist rebels.

2005 April - King Gyanendra bows to international pressure, lifts the state of emergency and reinstates parliament.

2005 November - Maoist rebels and main opposition parties agree on a programme intended to restore democracy.

2006 April - King Gyanendra agrees to reinstate parliament following weeks of violent strikes and protests against direct royal rule. Maoist rebels call a three-month ceasefire.

2006 May - Parliament votes unanimously to curb the king's political powers. The government holds peace talks with the Maoist rebels.

Peace deal

2006 November - The government sign a peace deal with the Maoists - the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) - formally ending the decade-long insurgency.

2007 January - Maoist leaders enter parliament under the terms of a temporary constitution.

Maoists join government

2007 April - Maoists join an interim government, a move which brings them into the political mainstream.

2007 September - Three bombs hit Kathmandu in the first attack in the capital since the end of the Maoist insurgency.

Maoists quit the interim government, demanding the abolition of the monarchy. November's constituent assembly elections are postponed.

End of monarchy

2007 December - Parliament approves the abolition of monarchy as part of peace deal with Maoists, who agree to rejoin government.

From bullets to the ballot box: Former rebels take part in landmark elections in April 2008

2008 January - A series of bomb blasts kill and injure dozens in the southern Terai plains, where activists have been demanding regional autonomy.

2008 April - Former Maoist rebels win the largest bloc of seats in elections to the new Constituent Assembly (CA), but fail to achieve an outright majority.

2008 May - Nepal becomes a republic.

2008 June - Maoist ministers resign from the cabinet in a row over who should be the next head of state.

2008 July - Ram Baran Yadav becomes Nepal's first president.

2008 August - Maoist leader Pushpa Kamal Dahal aka Prachanda forms coalition government, with Nepali Congress going into opposition.

Maoists leave government

2009 May - Prime Minister Prachanda resigns following a row with President Yadav over the integration of former rebel fighters into the military.

2009 May - Britain announces that Gurkha veterans with at least four years' service in the British army will be allowed to settle in the UK.

2009 December - Four people are killed in clashes triggered by a Maoist-led land grab in the far west, giving rise to fears for peace process.

Impasse over constitution

2010 May - The Constituent Assembly (CA) votes to extend the deadline for drafting the constitution, the first of four extensions.

2011 January - UN ends its peace monitoring mission.

2012 May - The Constituent Assembly (CA) is dissolved after failing to produce a draft constitution.

2013 November - The left-wing Nepali Congress wins the second Constituent Assembly elections, pushing the former ruling Maoists into third place and leaving no party with a majority.

2014 February -Nepali Congress leader Sushil Koirala is elected prime minister after securing parliamentary support.

2014 April - Sixteen Nepalese sherpa guides die in an avalanche on Mount Everest in the worst recorded accident in the mountain's history.

2014 November - Nepal and India sign a deal to build a $1bn hydropower plant on Nepal's Arun river to counter crippling energy shortages.

2015 April - A 7.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Kathmandu and its surrounding areas killing more than 8,000 people, causing mass devastation and leaving millions homeless.

Landmark constitution

2015 September - Parliament passes a landmark constitution, which defines Nepal as a secular country, despite calls to delay voting after more than 40 people are killed in protests.

2015 October - K.P. Prasad becomes the first prime minister to be elected under the new constitution.

2016 February - Government lifts fuel rationing after the ethnic minority Madhesi communities, partially backed by India, end a six-month border blockade in protest over the new constitution which they say is discriminatory.

2016 July - Maoist party pulls out of the governing coalition. Prime Minister K.P. Oli resigns ahead of a no-confidence vote in parliament.

2016 August - Parliament elects former communist rebel leader and Maoist party leader Pushpa Kamal Dahal aka Prachanda as prime minister for the second time




Tuesday, September 6, 2016

लन्डन क्रिमिनल कोर्ट बाट कुमार लामाको पक्षमा फैसला

माओवादी युद्वकालमा बन्दी यातनाको अभियोगमा बेलायतमा पक्राउ परेर विगत साढे तीन वर्षदेखि मुद्दा खेपिरहेका नेपाली सेनाका कर्णेल कुमार लामाले अन्तत  निर्दोष सावित हुँदै सफाई पाएका छन्।
लण्डनको ओल्ड बेलीस्थित सेन्ट्रल क्रिमिनल कोर्टमा मंगलवार बसेको जस्टिस स्वीनीको ईजलासले तत्कालिन बन्दी जनक राउत  माथिको मुद्दा लाई अगाडी बढाउने प्रयाप्त आधारहरु नभएको भन्दै मुद्दा स्थगन गरेपछी कर्णेल लामाले स्वत  सफाई पाएका हुन्।

लामाले यस अघी गत महिनानै  अर्का वन्दी करम हुसेन माथिको यातना अभियोगमा अदालत बाट सफाई पाई सकेका थिए। तर जनक राउत माथिको मुद्दामा गत महिना १२ सदस्यीय जुरी सर्व सम्मत हुन् नसक्दा मुद्दा अनिर्णित बनेको थियो।
अदालत बाट सफाई पाए पछी आफ्नी छोरी संगै प्रसन्न मुद्रामा बाहिरिएका कर्णेल लामाले फैसला वारे मेडियालाई कुनै प्रतिक्रिया भने दिएनन।
कर्णेल लामाको तर्फ बाट मुद्दाको वकालत गर्दै कानुनी सहायता उपलब्ध गराउदै आएको कानुनी फर्म 'किंग्सली न्याप्ली' ले मुद्दा फैसला पछीको बिज्ञप्तीमा लामो उल्झन संगै मुद्दाको किनारा लागेकोमा खुशी व्यक्त गरेको छ। साथै उसले कणेल लामा र उनको परिवारको लागी विगतको साढे तीन वर्ष अत्यन्तै कष्टकर र वितिष्णायुक्त रहेको भन्दै अन्तत मुद्दाको किनारा लागेकोमा सन्तोष व्यक्त गरेको छ।
'मलाई विश्वास छ कर्णेल लामा अब नेपाल फर्केर आफु सेवारत आर्मीको करियर अगाडी बढाउन सक्ने छन', लामाका सोलिसिटर जोनाथन ग्राईम्सले जारी गरेको बिज्ञप्तीमा भनेका  छन।
अर्कोतर्फ मुद्दाको किनारा लागे संगै राउत र हुसेनको तर्फ बाट बेलायती सोलिसिटरको सहयोगमा लन्डनको अदालतमा मुद्दा दायर गर्ने एड्भोकेसी फोरम नेपालले बिज्ञप्ती जारी गर्दै आजको फैसलाले  पिडीतहरु दुखी बनेको भन्दै  फैसलाका बावजुत यातना विरोधी संघर्ष लाई जारी राख्ने जनाएको छ।
साथै यो मुद्दा लाई अघी बढाएकोमा युकेको अदालत र कानुनी सल्लाहकार हरु प्रती कृतज्ञता ब्यक्त गर्दै यो मुद्दा प्रक्रिया पछी नेपालमा यातना विरोधी अभियानमा उत्प्रेरणा मिल्ने विश्वास बिज्ञप्तीमा व्यक्त गरिएको छ।
उक्त बिज्ञप्तीमा जनक राउत लाई उधृत गर्दै यातनाको अभियुक्त माथी नेपालमा न्याय पाउने  सम्भावना  नभए पछी देश बाहिर न्याय खोज्न बाध्य बनेको समेत बताईएको छ।
'कुमार लामा बेलायतमा गृहप्तार भएका हुन् र नेपाल सरकारले मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घन कर्तालाई नेपालमै मुद्दा चलाउने कुराको वकालत गर्दै आएको परिप्रेक्षमा नेपाल सरकारले आफ्नो बाचा पुरा गर्नेछ भन्नेमा विश्वस्त रहेको छु', आफुलाई यातना पिडित बताउदै आएका जनक राउतले उक्त बिज्ञप्ती मार्फत भनेका छन।
एड्भोकेसी फोरम नेपालकी मन्दिरा शर्माले नेपाल सरकारले मानव अधिकार तथा यातना विरोधी कानुनी प्रक्रिया लाई प्रार्थमिकता नदिएमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय तवर बाट पनि न्याय खोज्न सकिन्छ भन्ने नजिर यो मुद्दाले स्थापित गरिदिएको जनाएकी छन ।
२०१३ को जनवरीमा बेलायतमा पक्राउ परेका लामा धरौटीमा रिहा भए पश्चात मुद्दाको तारिख बोकिरहेका थिए। उनलाई मुद्दाको किनारा लाग्नु अघि बेलायत छाड्ने अनुमति थिएन । उनलाई बेलायतको क्रिमिनल जस्टिस एक्ट (ऎन) अन्तर्गत पक्राउ गरिएको हो।
२००५ को मे महिनामा नेपालमा कपिलवस्तुको गोरूसिंगे आर्मी ब्यारेकको इन्चार्ज रहँदा त्यहाँ बन्दी बनाइएका जनक बहादुर राउत र करम हुसेनमाथि चरम शारीरिक यातना दिएको अभियोग कर्णेल लामा माथि लगाईएको थियो।
लामा नेपाली सेनाको ईतिहासमै बिदेशमा युद्व अपराध सम्बन्धि मुद्दा बेहोर्ने पहिलो अधिकारी हुन्।
लामालाई यातना बिरूद्वको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय महासन्धि कन्भेन्सन अगेन्स्ट टर्चर अन्तर्गत पक्राउ गरिएको थियो। नेपालसहित विश्वका १५४ देशले यो सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका छन्।
लामामाथि बेलायती क्रिमिनल जस्टिस एक्ट १९६८ , १३४ (१) अन्तर्गत मुद्दा चलाईएको थियो।
-सेतोपाटि

Sunday, September 4, 2016

दरबार हत्याकाण्ड सत्य के गलत के ?

सूचना प्रबिधि र प्राबिधिक क्षेत्रमा अरु देशको नागरिक जति सम्पन्नशाली छन् त्येतिनै नेपाली पनि रहेका छन् । नेपालमा २००७ सालमा रेडियो नेपालको स्थापना भयो। प्रबिधिको विकास संगसंगै पंचायत कालिन युगमै प्रबिधिको विकास भनौ २०४२ सलमा नेपाल टेलिभिजनको स्थापना भयो। प्रबिधिको विकासनै भनौ २०५० सालको हाराहारीमा आइपुग्दा निजक्षेत्रले पनि संचारको ब्यापार गर्न थालिसकेको थियो | राणाकालको सुरुवातको लागि जङ्गबहादुरले मच्चाएको भण्डारखालपर्व  वा कोतपर्वको रहस्य बाहिर जे आय पनि यथार्थ कहिल्यै बाहिर आउन सकेन | डा० के आइ सिं ले सिहदरबार कब्जा गर्दाको यथार्थ भनौ या कहाली लाग्दो दासढुंगा घटना कहिल्यै यथार्थ बाहिर आउन सकेन | सबै अडकल वाजीमा धेरै लेख बिक्री भय कथाकार (लेखक) ले आफै प्रत्यक्षदर्शी झै दुहाई दिन पनि पछी परेनन्। 

बि• स• २०५८ जेठ १९ गते पनि नेपाली जनताको लागि एउटा सन्सनी पूर्ण तिथी रहन गयो | लगभग १५ बर्ष पुरा गरी सक्दा पनि रहस्यको गर्भमै रहेको दरबार हत्याकाण्डले राजा बिरेन्द्रको वंश नास गर्‍यो | राजा बिरेन्द्र रानी ऐश्वर्य राजाकुमारी श्रुति र राजकुमार निराजनको तत्कल मृत्‍यु भयो युवराज दीपेन्द्र बाट गोली हानी र आफुलाई पनि पिठ्यूमा गोली हाने उनी आँफैले | राजपरिवारको शवयात्रा थियो जनता स्वस्फुर्त राजपरिवार प्रति सम्मान जनाउदै थिए | मार्ने ( घटना को दोषी) भनिएका दीपेन्द्र पनि बेहोश ( कोमा ) मा थिय | खै बुझ्न सकिएन सरकारले कर्फ्यु लगायर आर्यघाट पुर्यायो राजारानीको शवलाई | तीन दिन पछी राजा दीपेन्द्र पनि मृत घोषणा भए उनको शवयात्रा पनि कर्फ्युमा सकाइयो | त्यस समय प्रधानमन्त्री थिए काङग्रेस सभापति स्वर्गिय गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला , सभामुख तारानाथ राणाभाट र प्रतिपक्ष दलका नेता थिए माधव कुमार नेपाल | 

  २०५८ साल सम्म आइपुग्दा प्रबिधीको यती बिकास भै सकेको थियो |ठुलाठुला ब्यापारिक स्थानहरुमा सि सि क्यामरा प्रयोगमा आइसकेको थियो | दरबार नेपाली जनताको धरोहर थियो अत्यन्त सम्बेदनशील स्थान थियो | अझ माओवादी सशस्त्र बिद्रोहको समयमा दरबारको सुरक्षा व्यवस्था त्यती फितलो जनताले विश्वास नै गर्न सक्दैनन किन भने एउटा अर्मीचिफको त वरिपरी बडीगार्ड हुन्थे भने देशको राजा र राजपरिवारको सुरक्षामा त्यसदिन एकजना पनि बडीगार्ड र सुरक्षाकर्मी नहुनु संयोग नहुनु पर्ने हो | ठुला ठुला आयोग बन्यो त्यो आयोग पनि तथ्य र प्रमाण तिर जान सकेन वा चाहेन | तेत्रो घटनाको सामान्य एउटा फोटोहरु प्रकाशन भएन न त त्यो अयोगले नै आधारको रुपमा माग्न सक्यो | सुचना र प्रबिधीको यस्तो प्रयोग भै सकेको ठाउँमा दरबार जस्तो सम्बेदनशिल ठाउँमा के सि सि क्यामराहरु रखिएका थियनन् होला त ? थियो भने खै ति क्यामेराहरुले कैद गरेको फोटोहरु ?     

प्रधानमन्त्री गिरिजले त रक्षा मन्त्रालय पनि आफ्नै मातहतमा राखेका थिए उनले त त्यो फोटोहरू माग्न सक्थे किन मगेनन् ?जनप्रतिनिधिको हैसियतले उनले सत्य तथ्य बाहिर ल्याउनु पर्थ्यो त्यो ल्याएनन् | कता कता जनतले संका गर्छन् काङग्रेस पनि सहभागी छ दरबार हत्याकाण्डमा | एमाले त माहिर थियो रेलिङ भात्काउन उ पनि चुप लागि दियो | भोली आफ्नो अस्तीत्व खोज्नुपर्ला भनेर हुन सक्छ |प्रबिधीमा युवराज दीपेन्द्र पनि अगाडि थिए | दरबार आफैमा सम्बेदनशील स्थान थियो त्यहाँ सि सि क्यामेरा थिएन भन्नु महामुर्खता भन्दा केही हुँदैन | तर पनि क्यामेरामा कैद भएका भिडीयो फोटोहरु कहिल्यै बाहिर ल्याइएन राजा दीपेन्द्रले हत्या गरेको भनियो तर पुष्टि हुन सकेन | ५) जनताको नजरको दोषी राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र पनि शक्तिहीन भएको धेरै भैसक्यो |त्यस पछि पनि सरकार प्रमुख फेरिए तरपनि कसैको त्यो दम चलेन कि भि भिडियो फोटोहरू खोजेर सत्यतथ्य बाहिर ल् ल्याउन | दरबार हत्याकाण्डलाई रहस्यको गर्भमै राखेर जनतालाई उल्लू बनाईएको छ कतै सुरक्षित राखिएको भिडियो फोटो नेपाली जनता सामु ल्याए असली दोषी को हो भेटिने छ त्यसपछि न त राजा दीपेन्द्र कागजी दोषी बन्नु पर्छ न त ज्ञानेन्द्र | जनताको नजरबाट प्रबिधिलाई छोपेर भ्रम छर्नाले घटना सधै गर्भमा रहेको छ|

Thursday, September 1, 2016

हो राउत तिमीले ठीक भन्यौ

काठमाण्डौओर्लिएं सोलुखम्बूबाट पहिलो पटक काठमाण्डौ आएको थिएं त्यहि भयर रमाइलो अनुभूति भयको थियो । संगै बसबाट झरेको यौटा मान्छेको झोला हराएछ, त्यहाँ अचम्म लाग्दो कुरा भयो जब उनले म तिर औला सोझाउदै भने उ त्यो भोटे ले पो बोकेर हीड्योकी? मैले हासेर होईन हजूर छैन भनिदिएं।कुरो २०५६ साल तिरको हो देशको स्थिति जर्जर थियो अलिकती बोल्न पनि डराउनु पर्ने, त्यो माथि हामी हिमालको मान्छे, हामीत कहाँ राज्यको नागरिक हौ ? पछी काठमाडौंको रहनसहन यस्तै रहेछ जस्तै लाग्न थाल्यो | देश कहाँ सोलुखुम्बु हो र देश भनेको त काठमाडौं पो रहेछ जस्तो लाग्न थाल्यो |            

              देशमा राजनैतिक उथलपुथल भयो एक आपसमा लडेका माओवादी र सरकार एक ठाउमा आयो, अरुले बुझे झै मैले पनि राजतन्त्र भेदभावको कारकको रूपमा बुझेको थिएं। देशमा गणतन्त्र आयो एक किसिमले भन्दात राजनीतिक रुपमा चरम प्राप्ति भयो गिरिजा र प्रचण्डले खुल्लामंच थर्काए नेपाली जनताले अधिकार पाए भनेर मैलेपनि ताली ठोकी दिएं मज्जाले । मुक्तिको लागि भन्दै बिभिन्न मोर्चा बनाइदिए पार्टीहरूले म झन नेपालीबाट पनि घटुवा भएं म मोर्चामा जानुपर्ने भयो जान सकीन ।  जो मोर्चा लागेर पछिपछि झण्डा हल्लाएर हिडने पछुवाहरू नेता हुदै मन्त्री भए । अझै पनि काठमाण्डूको मान्छेले मलाई भोटे भन्न छाडेनन् । पछि महसूस भयो राज्य विकास हुन एउटै धर्म एउटै वर्ण चाहिन्छ । त्यसैले मलाई हिमाल देश चाहियो जहाँ हाम्रो वर्ण धर्म एउटै हुन्छ । त्यहा मलाई कसैले भोटे भन्दैन म आफ्नो स्वाभिमानमा बाच्न पाउछु हिमाल देश को नागरिक भएर।                                            


   एक जना सोलुखुम्बुको अंकलले यसोभन्दा मेरो मन अमिलो भयो  मैले मनमनै यो पनि देश टुक्राउनु पर्छ भन्ने मान्छेमा पर्ने रैछ भन्ने महसूस गरें।      


 मेरो अनुहार अलिअलि कालो बर्णको छ। म पहाडिया नै हु म लगभग मधेशी जस्तै देखिन्छु झट्ट हेर्दा मानिसहरू मलाईपनि मधेशी नै भनेर झुक्किने गर्छन । म बारम्बार  मधेसी बनाइएको छु काठमाण्डौमा डेरा खोज्न जादा पहिलो प्रश्न हुन्छ भैया घर कहाँ हो नेपाल की इंडिया ? घरबेटीलाई मनाइयो भोली त्यहि ठाऊमा कोठा बस्न आयो त्यो मधिशे आयछ बस्न हल्ला पनि अत्ति गर्छहोला बिजोग गर्यो घरबेटीले यस्तै यस्तै छिमेकीहरूको आवाज सुनिन्छ । बच्चाबच्चीहरूले दाईभाई भनेर बोलाउदैनन् बरू बोली फूटेको देखी बुडाबुड़ी सबैको भैया बन्नु पर्छ। एक पटक छिमेकि कोठाको दीदीले सोध्नुभयो तिम्रो गाऊँ तिरको सेकेण्डह्याण्ड सामान उठाउने कोहि छैन? हेर न कागज नै कागज भयो कि तीमीनै लैजान्छौ ? मैले द्वादश गर्न ठीक ठानिन थाहा छैन दीदी भनेर आफ्नो बाटो लागें। काठमाँडौको बसाई रहर भन्दा वाध्यता बढी हुने गरेको छ। मलाई कलेज पढ्न जादा पनि साथीहरूले अनेक नामले बोलाए अझै पनि एउटा नाम मेरो मानस्पटलमा घुमीरहन्छ । मैले त्यो शब्दको अर्थ त बुझ्न सकिन तर पनि आसय राम्ररी ज्ञान पाएँ मधेशी मूलको मान्छेलाई होच्याउने कुनै पदावली थियो।

 गणतन्त्रपछि पनि मधेश आन्दोलन भयो माग पुरापनि भयो सामावेशी आदि इत्यादि तर पनि पहाडियाको मानसिकताबाट नेपाली दाजुभाई हुन सकेनन् मधेशी जनता। अझ पनि पहाडिया मानसिकताको खोक्रो राष्ट्रवाद हावी छ। दौरासुरूवाल मात्र राष्ट्रीय पोसाक रे अनि नेपाली भाषामात्र राष्ट्रीय भाषा रे तराईको। छुटै अस्तित्व छ । भाषा फरक छ संस्कार फरक छ पहिचान फरक छ। नेपालीपन केवल थोपारिएको हो मधेश छुटै राष्ट्र हो देश हो तराई र हिमालले पहाडसंग सम्वन्ध विच्छेद गर्नु पर्छ आफ्नो अस्तित्व जोगाउन आफ्नो अस्तित्वलाई पहाडमा मिलाउनु हुन्न । डा• सी के राउत तिमी ठीक भन्दै छौ पहाड संग छुट्टिनु र आफु भएर बाच्नु हिमाल र मधेशको कल्याण हो|